The disease called osteoarthritis in the knees is actually a chronic disease characterized by the wear and degeneration of the cartilage tissue in the joints over time. This condition is often associated with various factors, such as aging, joint injuries, excess weight, genetic factors and excessive load on the joint. Calcification usually manifests itself with symptoms such as pain, swelling, decreased walking and joint-leg curvatures. Treatment methods include medications, physical therapy, exercises, lifestyle changes and surgical options.

I. Definition of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a spinal deformity characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, typically diagnosed during adolescence. The term "idiopathic" denotes that the cause of the condition is unknown, and it manifests without any underlying congenital or neuromuscular abnormalities. AIS is the most common type of scoliosis, accounting for approximately 80% of all scoliosis cases.

Sprengel Deformity

What is Sprengel Deformity?

Sprengel Deformity is a condition characterized by the scapula (shoulder blade) being higher than its normal position, causing limited shoulder movement and cosmetic concerns. It emerges during fetal development in the womb.